What makes Japanese?

Umebosi (Japanese salted plums)/梅干し

This article can be read in about 8 minutes.
+1
Pocket

日本語は英語の下にあります。
Japanese people love plum blossoms because of its aromatic fragrance and first blossoms after the long winter ends. 

There is the oldest anthology of waka poems, called “Manyoushuu” which was compiled between the late 7th and 8th centuries.
According to this, there are 120 poems about Japanese plum blossoms, while there are only 42 poems about cherry blossoms.
We could guess how cherished Japanese plum blossoms were.

It’s good news that Japanese plum trees have fruits.
FYI, cherry blossom trees don’t have fruits.
The immature Japanese plums that is green in color has blue acid, so people avoid eating it raw.
It’s said that the blue acid causes breathing trouble and dizziness.
Although the mature ones that is yellow in color don’t have the blue acid. 
It’s not common to eat these, too.
Japanese people have pickled them and made alcohol since the old days.

This pickle is called Umebosi, Japanese salted plums.
It includes citric acid, so it’s said to be good for fatigue prevention and recovery from physical exhaustion. 

We’ll share how to make Umebosi, Japanese salted plums below.

How to make Ume-bosi (Japanese salted plums).

  1. Wash Japanese plums and let them dry under the sun for half a day.
    Bamboo baskets are used.
  2. Put Japanese plums and salt into a container.
    And knead them until the salt coats each Japanese plum.
  3. Press them with a weight so that the liquid comes out from the Japanese plums.
    It usually takes three to seven days for Japanese plums to be completely submerged.
    The weight is usually twice as heavy as that of the Japanese plums.
    After the liquid submerges the Japanese plums, the weight should be reduced to the same weight of the Japanese plums.
    We call this liquid “Ume-zu” or “white Ume-zu”.
    It literally means white vinegar from the Japanese plums.
    On the other hand, there is the “red Ume-zu” which is mentioned in step no. 10.
  4. Remove the leaves of the red Shiso, Japanese herbs, from the stems and wash them.
  5. Knead the red Shiso leaves with a pinch of salt and red Ume-zu (from last year if you have).
    Throw the black liquid because it is bitter.
  6. Knead the red Shiso leaves again until the leaves are softened.
  7. Layer Japanese plums and the red Shiso leaves one after another.
  8. Let them rest in a cool place until canicular days come.
    It means 18 days before the beginning of autumn which falls around August seventh.
  9. Dry them under the sun for three days during  canicular days.
    The sunny days are expected during  canicular days.
    The scorching summer sunshine has disinfective effect.
    During the night time, the Japanese plums should be returned to the container and submerged so that the color will be enhanced.
  10. Put them in a container to age them.
    Since their acid is strong, they will be ready to eat after one year or half a year.
    The taste will be milder.
    The liquid is called “red Ume-zu”.
    It is used as a dressing, making pickles and so on.

Tips: The salt ratio should be higher than 13 % of its weight in order to avoid mold.
It’s possible to lower the salt ratio to 7 %  when it is kept in the refrigerator.
When you pickle the Japanese plums with salt, you can add 100 ml of Shochu or distilled spirit to avoid mold.
Also, when red Shiso leaves are added, Shochu or distilled spirit might be sprayed in the container due to the same reason.

How do you make the pickles in your country?
What are some popular pickles there?
Comment below!

日本人は、香しい香りと長い冬が明けて最初に咲く花ということで、梅の花が大好きです。
7世紀後半から8世紀後半にかけて編纂された最古の歌集、万葉集によると、桜は42首しかないのに対して、梅の歌は120首もあります。
梅がどれだけ好まれていたのか窺えますね。

桜は実をつけませんが、梅は実を付けます。
青い実は青酸を含んでいるため、生では食べません。
青酸は、呼吸困難や目眩を引き起こすとされています。
熟した黄色い実には、青酸は含まれていませんが、余り生で食しません。
日本人は昔から梅を漬物にしたりお酒を作ってきました。

この漬物を梅干しと言います。
梅干しには、クエン酸が含まれており、疲労防止・回復に効果があると言われています。

では、梅干しの漬け方を伝授しましょう(色々な漬け方があるのでご参考まで)。

梅の漬け方

  1. 梅を洗い、半日ほど天日干しする。竹籠を使う。
  2. 梅と塩を甕に入れる。塩が梅にコーティングされるまで揉む。
  3. 梅から梅酢(白)が出るように重石を乗せておく。
    通常3-7日程で梅が梅酢に隠れるようになる。
    重石は通常梅の2倍程度。梅が梅酢に隠れるようになったら、重石を半分に減らす(材料と同じ重さ目安)。
  4. 赤紫蘇の葉をちぎり、洗う(砂ついているから)。
  5. ひとつまみの塩と昨年の赤梅酢があれば入れて、赤紫蘇を揉む。
    黒い液は灰汁を含んでいるので捨てる。
  6. 赤紫蘇が柔らかくなるまで、揉む。おにぎりボール作る。
  7. 梅と赤紫蘇を交互に甕に入れる。
    甕は良く洗って天日干しする。
    最後に白梅酢を入れて重石をする。
  8. 日陰の涼しいところで、土用まで保管。立秋(8/7頃)前の18日間を夏の土用と呼ぶ。
  9. 土用干しをする。
    土用の時期は、天気が続き日差しも強くて殺菌効果が期待できるから、梅を三日三晩干し、瓶に入れる。
    夜は甕に戻し液に浸すと、梅の赤色が鮮明となる。
  10. 瓶に入れて熟成する。
    酸が強いので、半年から一年後が食べ頃です。
    味がまろやかになります。

コツ: 梅がカビないように、塩分濃度を13%以上にすること。
大型冷蔵庫がある場合は、塩分を7%程度まで下げることも可。
カビ防止として、塩漬けの時、焼酎を100cc程度入れる。
紫蘇で漬ける時も、甕に霧吹きで焼酎を吹き付けるとカビにくい。

貴方のご家庭でも梅干しを作りますか。
コメントお待ちしてます。

Pocket

+1
Miki

Good day, I am the founder of Aurora Trip Nippon. Also, I am a Certified National Guide, Certified Tour Conductor, Certified General Travel Service Supervisor, as well as a Kimono Consultant.
I love Japan. So, you could ask us anything about Japan.

We're happy if you follow us. We'll inform our webpage's update through SNS!
We're happy if you follow us. We'll inform our webpage's update through SNS!
Aurora Trip Nippon

Comment You may leave a comment or image below.